steel melting furnace classification

There BOF steel melting furnace, open-hearth, electric furnace steelmaking other vacuum induction furnace, vacuum arc, electron bombardment furnace.
BOF is molten iron, scrap, ferroalloys as the main raw material, without the aid of external energy, relying on their physical heat of molten iron and molten iron to produce a chemical reaction between the components of the heat in the converter steelmaking process is completed. BOF divided by acidic and basic refractories, by gas blown into the furnace site has top blowing, bottom blowing and side-blown; according to the type of gas for the sub-air converter and oxygen converter. Basic oxygen top blowing and the top and bottom blowing converter due to its production speed, yield, high single furnace yield, low cost, low investment, is currently the most widely used steel-making equipment. Converter is mainly used for the production of carbon steel, alloy steel and copper and nickel smelting.
Open-hearth open-hearth steelmaking operation process raw materials as follows: ① steel materials such as pig iron or molten iron, scrap; ② oxidants such as iron ore, industrial oxygen, artificial bonanza; ③ slagging agents such as lime (or limestone), fluorite, iron bauxite; ④ deoxidizer and alloy additives.
The main advantage of electric arc furnace steelmaking heat, electric arc zone in temperatures up to 4000 ℃. Smelting process is generally divided into the melting period, the oxidation and reduction of the period, not only can cause oxidation in the furnace atmosphere, but also result in a reducing atmosphere, so dephosphorizing high desulfurization efficiency.